(Jonga: Imifanekiso yezilwanyana)

Ingonyama ibizwa ngokuba yinkosi yehlathi kwaye sisidalwa esinomdla kwizilwanyana. Ngaphandle kwendalo yendalo, ikwabambe indawo ekhethekileyo kwiintsomi njengengonyama enamaphiko.
Intsomi yeengonyama ezinamaphiko ixhaphakile kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, ngakumbi kwintsomi yaseMesopotamiya, yamaPersi neyaseYiputa. Ingonyama enamaphiko sisidalwa sasentsomini, esaziwa kwezinye iinkcubeko njengeGriffin - isidalwa esineempawu zengonyama kunye nokhozi.

Isetyenziswe kakhulu kwihlabathi lobugcisa kwimizobo nakwimizobo, ngakumbi njengemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeengonyama ezinamaphiko, kuncwadi, kwanakwiflegi. Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu luqhelene nesimboli sengonyama, esimele isibindi, ubuhandiba, ubukhosi, amandla, ubungangamsha kunye nokungoyiki, abaninzi abaziyo malunga nesimboli seengonyama ezinamaphiko.

Nangona kukho intsingiselo eyahlukileyo yengonyama enamaphiko kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, ingonyama enamaphiko yaziwa ngokubanzi njengegriffin. Ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, iNgonyama yeSaint Mark yingonyama enamaphiko efuzisela iSaint Mark the Evangelist, umxhasi waseVenice. Uphawu luka-St. Mark sisidalwa sengonyama yokhozi, eluphawu lwemveli lwaseVenice kwaye ngaphambili yayiyeyeRiphabhlikhi yaseVenice.
Ifuzisela isazisi esikhawulezileyo nesikhethekileyo esinamandla. Kodwa yintoni enye efanekiselwa yingonyama, yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yingonyama enamaphiko, yaye iyintoni intsingiselo yengonyama enamaphiko?

(Jonga: Imifanekiso yezilwanyana)

Yintoni ebizwa ngokuba yiNgonyama enamaphiko?

Kwiintsomi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa nesiGrike, ingonyama yesidalwa esiyintsomi esinamaphiko - kunye nomzimba wengonyama, intloko yokhozi kunye namaphiko kuthiwa yi-griffin. Esi sidalwa sinamandla simela ukongamela umhlaba nesibhakabhaka yaye sinxibelelene namandla nobulumko. Igriffin yayiyeyona idumileyo kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo yokuhombisa kuMbindi Mpuma wamandulo kunye nommandla weMeditera

Nangona kungekho xesha libhaliweyo lemvelaphi yegriffin njengophawu lobugcisa, mhlawumbi yaqala kwiLevant ngenkulungwane yesi-2 BC. Ngenkulungwane ye-14 BC, ezi zidalwa zimangalisayo zazisasazeke kulo lonke elaseNtshona Asia naseGrisi kwimizobo nakwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo.
Ingonyama enamaphiko yanika abantu umfuziselo wobuhle, amandla namandla. Ingonyama enamaphiko kwiintsomi zamaGrike isenamandla ekudumeni.

Iimpawu zeNgonyama enamaphiko

Isimboli sengonyama enamaphiko sinokufumaneka kwiinkcubeko ezininzi. Isimboli esaziwayo ngokubanzi sengonyama enamaphiko yeyongcwele, umvangeli, kunye noMarko oNgcwele. Olu phawu lwasentsomini lubonisa ingonyama enamaphiko njengentaka.
Ngaphandle kokuba isimboli semveli saseVenice, intsingiselo yengonyama enamaphiko ikwamele ubulumko, ulwazi kunye nekrele elimele isimboli sehlabathi sobulungisa. Nangona ingenayo intsingiselo esemthethweni okanye yezopolitiko, ingonyama enamaphiko inemvelaphi ethandwayo kunye nenkolo.

Ingonyama enamaphiko luphawu lwendawo yabakhenkethi edumileyo yesixeko sasechwebeni saseVenice, seRiphabhlikhi yakudala yaseSerenissima, kamasipala, wephondo, kunye nengingqi yeVeneto yase-Itali. Ikwayinxalenye yedyasi yengalo yoMkhosi waManzi wase-Italiya.
Ngaphezu koko, le ngonyama yentsomi enamaphiko ixhaphake kwizikwere kunye nezakhiwo zembali yazo zonke izixeko eziye zalawulwa yiRiphabhliki yaseSerenissima. Ingonyama enamaphiko ikhona kwiibheji zaseVenice zosetyenziso lwasekuhlaleni, lwasemkhosini, kunye nolwenkolo, zombini kwiiflegi nakwiingqekembe.

Kukho imizobo emininzi edumileyo yengonyama ephiko kwimbali kwihlabathi liphela. Inokufumaneka kwiincwadi, kwimifanekiso yeengonyama ezinamaphiko, iingonyama zegriffin ezinamaphiko njalo njalo. Funda ngakumbi ukuze wazi ngakumbi malunga nokumelwa okuhlukeneyo kweentsomi zeengonyama ezinamaphiko

INgonyama enamaphiko yaseVenice

(Jonga: Imifanekiso yezilwanyana)

Ingonyama enamaphiko yaseVenice yenye yeengonyama zasentsomini ezaziwa kakhulu ezinamaphiko kwimbali yoluntu. Luphawu lukaMarko oNgcwele, uMvangeli, owayekwanguMpostile. UMarko oNgcwele uthathwa njengengcwele engumxhasi waseVenice emva kokuba umzimba wakhe webiwe engcwabeni lase-Alexandria, eYiputa.
Isimboli seSt. Mark, iNgonyama yaseVenice ngumfanekiso wengonyama yamandulo enamaphiko obhedu ePiazza San Marco eVenice, eItali. Lo mfanekiso umi phezu komnye weentsika ezimbini ezinkulu zegranite kwi-Square, ezinemiqondiso yakudala yabangcwele ababini besixeko.

Lo mfanekiso wengonyama unamaphiko uyingqokelela yeeqhekeza ezahlukeneyo zobhedu ezenziwe ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi obanzi wokuhlaziya nokulungiswa izihlandlo ezininzi kwimbali. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wantlandlolo wawunokwahluka kakhulu kumfanekiso wangoku. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngaphambi kobuKristu, ingonyama ayinakuba nayo nayiphi na ikhonkco kunye noMarko oNgcwele.

IGriffin

(Jonga: Imifanekiso yezilwanyana)

IGriffin yayikhe yagqalwa njengophawu lobuKristu kwiimbono zeCawa kumaziko omtshato. Yayikwafuzisela uYesu Kristu ngaxa lithile embalini. I-Griffin sisidalwa sasentsomini esinomzimba, umsila kunye nemilenze yangasemva yengonyama, i-morphed kunye nentloko kunye namaphiko okhozi; maxa wambi iboniswa inzipho zokhozi njengeenyawo zalo zangaphambili.
Kubekho iintsingiselo ezininzi zesimboli yeGriffin, nangona ubukhulu becala ifanekisela amandla, ubukhosi kunye nobugorha.

Kodwa iGriffin imele ntoni? Kaloku, kumaXesha Aphakathi, uphawu lokhozi olunomzimba wengonyama kwakucingelwa ukuba sisidalwa esinobungangamsha nesinamandla. Isizathu sasilula: ingonyama iye yagqalwa njengokumkani welizwe kunye nokhozi ukumkani wesibhakabhaka, nto leyo eyenza iGriffin ibe sisidalwa esilawulayo nesisoyikisayo.

IGriffin yenye yezona zidalwa zidumileyo zasentsomini zamaGrike amandulo. Umfuziselo wengonyama yaseRoma enamaphiko nawo wawunxulunyaniswa nothixo welanga uApollo, njengoko wawunamandla njengelanga yaye ufanelwe luloyiko nentlonelo. Kwimibhalo emininzi yesiGrike neyamaRoma, iigriffins zadityaniswa nediphozithi yegolide kuMbindi Asia.

INgonyama ePhiko yaseLamassu

(Jonga: Imifanekiso yezilwanyana)

Isimboli seLamassu ekuqaleni sasiboniswa njengothixokazi ngamaxesha aseSumeri kwaye sasibizwa ngokuba nguLamma. Noko ke, ngexesha lama-Asiriya wawuchazwa njengomxube womntu nentaka enenkunzi yenkomo okanye ingonyama. Idla ngokuba nomzimba wenkunzi yenkomo okanye ingonyama enamaphiko, kunye namaphiko entaka kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yiLamassu. Kwezinye iincwadi, uphawu lunxulunyaniswa nothixokazi.

Yayifuzisela ubukrelekrele namandla. Amaphiko okhozi anxulunyaniswa nothixo welanga olawula aze aphucule iimpawu zengonyama, ngoxa intloko yomntu imela ubukrelekrele bengonyama enamaphiko. Ingonyama enamaphiko inentsingiselo yokomoya kwaye idla ngokudityaniswa noothixo noothixokazi abaliqela kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.