IsisekoIulwaziAmalunga neTrevi Fountain:

IUmthombo weTrevi(IsiTaliyane: Fontana di Trevi) ngumthombo wenkulungwane ye-18 kwisithili saseTrevi eRoma, e-Italiya, eyilwe ngumzobi wase-Italiya uNicola Salvi kwaye yagqitywa nguGiuseppe Pannini et al. Umthombo omkhulu ulinganisa malunga neemitha ezingama-85 (iimitha ezingama-26) ukuphakama kunye neemitha ezingama-160 (iimitha ezingama-49) ububanzi. Embindini wawo kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wothixo wolwandle, omi kwinqwelo yokulwa etsalwa lihashe lolwandle, ekhatshwa nguTriton. Umthombo ukwabonisa imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yobuninzi kunye nempilo. Amanzi ayo aphuma kumjelo wamanzi wamandulo obizwa ngokuba yi-Acqua Vergine, kudala ethathwa njengawona manzi athambileyo namnandi eRoma. Kangangeenkulungwane, imiphanda yayo yayiziswa eVatican veki nganye. Noko ke, ngoku la manzi akaselelwa.

Umthombo weTrevi ukwisithili saseTrevi eRoma, ecaleni kwePalazzo Poli. Umthombo wangaphambili kwesi siza wadilizwa ngenkulungwane ye-17, yaye ngowe-1732 uNicola Salvi waphumelela ukhuphiswano lokuyila umthombo omtsha. Indalo yakhe ngumbono welizwe. Umbono wokudibanisa i-facade yebhotwe kunye nomthombo wavela kwiprojekthi kaPietro da Cortona, kodwa ubungangamsha bendawo esembindini yeArc de Triomphe kunye nemifanekiso yayo yasentsomini kunye nentsomi, ukumila kwamatye endalo kunye namanzi ampompozayo yekaSalvi. Umthombo weTrevi wathabatha iminyaka emalunga nama-30 ukugqiba, yaye ukugqitywa kwawo kwajongwa ngowe-1762 nguGiuseppe Pannini, owayesiguqule kancinane isicwangciso sokuqala emva kokufa kukaSalvi ngowe-1751.

Yintoni eKhethekileyo malunga neTrevi Fountain?

Enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo eRoma, iTrevi Fountain, oziimitha ezingama-26 ukuphakama kunye neemitha ezingama-49 ububanzi, yeyona ndawo imele ibonwe esixekweni. I-Trevi Fountain idume ngomsebenzi wayo ontsonkothileyo ohonjiswe kwisitayile seBaroque, esityebileyo kwimbali kunye neenkcukacha. Njengesinye sezona zakhiwo zigqwesileyo ezikhoyo, ibonisa ubuchule bobugcisa bamandulo bamaRoma. Ngumthombo wamanzi wakudala osandul 'ukubuyiselwa kwaye wacocwa yindlu yefashoni yeFendi. Obona bungqina bubalaseleyo bobugcisa bamandulo bamaRoma. Njengowona mthombo udumileyo emhlabeni, olu phawu lubalaseleyo luneminyaka eyi-10,000 kwaye lufanele ukutyelelwa eRoma. Iindwendwe ezivele kwiifilimu ezininzi, imisebenzi yobugcisa kunye neencwadi zithontelana ukuya kulo mzobo uthandwa kakhulu weBaroque yenkulungwane ye-18 ukuze bafumane ithuba lokujonga iinkcukacha ezimangalisayo kunye nobuhle obupheleleyo obunabo.

Imvelaphi yeTrevi Fountain:

Isakhiwo seTrevi Fountain sakhiwe phezu komthombo wamanzi osele ukho wakudala, owakhiwa ngamaxesha amaRoma ngo 19 BC. Isakhiwo sibekwe embindini, siphawulwe ekudibaneni kweendlela ezintathu eziphambili. Igama elithi "Trevi" livela kule ndawo kwaye lithetha "Umthombo weZitrato ezintathu". Njengoko isixeko sasikhula, umthombo wawukho de kwangowe-1629, xa uPope Urban VIII wayecinga ukuba umthombo wamandulo wawungekho mkhulu ngokwaneleyo kwaye wayalela ukuba kuqale ukulungiswa. Wayalela uGian Lorenzo Bernini odumileyo ukuba ayile umthombo, kwaye wenza imizobo emininzi yeembono zakhe, kodwa ngelishwa le projekthi yamiswa ngenxa yokufa kukaPope Urban VIII. Lo msebenzi awuzange uqaliswe de kwasemva kweminyaka elikhulu, xa umzobi uNicola Salvi wabelwa ukuba ayile lo mthombo. Esebenzisa imizobo yantlandlolo kaBernini ukwenza umsebenzi ogqityiweyo, uSalvi wathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ukuwugqiba, yaye imveliso yokugqibela yeTrevi Fountain yagqitywa ngowe-1762.

Ixabiso lobuGcisa:

Yintoni eyenza lo mthombo ukhethekileyo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa omangalisayo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Umthombo kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yenziwe ngelitye elimhlophe le-travertine, into efanayo apho iColosseum yakhiwe khona. Umxholo womthombo uthi “ukuthambisa amanzi” yaye umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngamnye ufuzisela inkalo ebalulekileyo yesixeko. Isakhiwo esisembindini yiPoseidon, enokubonwa imi kwinqwelo yokulwa ibhabha ngamahashe olwandle. Ukongeza kwi-Oceanus, kukho eminye imifanekiso eqingqiweyo ebalulekileyo, nganye imele izinto ezithile ezifana nobuninzi kunye nempilo.

Ibali Elilungileyo loMthombo

Nokuba wazi kangakanani na ngalo mthombo, sinokuqikelela ukuba uya kusazi isiko leengqekembe. Yiba lelinye lawona mava adumileyo abakhenkethi kuyo yonke iRoma. Lo msitho ufuna ukuba iindwendwe zithathe ingqekembe yemali, zijike emthonjeni, zize ziyiphose emagxeni le ngqekembe emthonjeni. Intsomi ithi ukuba ulahla ingqekembe emanzini, iqinisekisa ukuba uya kubuyela eRoma, ngelixa ezimbini zithetha ukuba uya kubuya kwaye uthandane, kwaye ezintathu zithetha ukuba uya kubuya, uthandane kwaye utshate. Kukwakho nentetho ethi xa uphehla ingqekembe yemali: uya kubuyela eRoma. Ukuba ubhengeza iingqekembe ezimbini: uya kuthandana neTaliyane enomtsalane. Ukuba uphequlula iingqekembe ezintathu: uya kutshata nabani na odibana naye. Ukufezekisa umphumo oyifunayo, kufuneka ulahle ingqekembe ngesandla sakho sokunene phezu kwegxalaba lakho lasekhohlo. Nantoni na oyithembayo xa uphequlula ingqekembe yemali, yizame ngelixa uhamba eRoma, ngamava okukhenkethi ngokwenene ekufuneka ujongwe!

Ezinye iinyani ezingaziwayo malunga neTrevi Fountain eRoma

1. "Trevi" ithetha "Tre Vie" (Iindlela ezintathu)

Igama elithi “Trevi” lithetha “iTre Vie” kwaye kuthiwa libhekisa ekudibaneni kweendlela ezintathu kwiCrossroads Square. Kukwakho nothixokazi odumileyo ogama linguTrivia. Ukhusela izitrato zaseRoma kwaye uneentloko ezintathu ukuze abone okwenzekayo ngakuye. Wayesoloko emi kwikona yezitrato ezithathu.

2. Umthombo wokuQala weTrevi wawusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo

KumaXesha Aphakathi, imithombo yoluntu yayisebenza ngokupheleleyo. Banika abantu baseRoma amanzi acocekileyo okusela aphuma kwimithombo yendalo, yaye beza neeemele kulo mthombo ukuze bakha amanzi okugoduka nawo. Umthombo wokuqala weTrevi wayilwa nguLeon Battista Alberti ngo-1453 kwitheminali yomsele omdala we-Aqua Virgo. Kangangethuba elingaphezu kwenkulungwane, lo mthombo weTrevi ubonelela iRoma ngokuphela kwamanzi acocekileyo.

3. UThixo woLwandle phezu kwalo mthombohayi iNeptune

Umbindi weTrevi Fountain nguOceanus, uthixo wolwandle wamaGrike. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Neptune, ene-tridents kunye ne-dolphin, i-Oceanus ihamba ne-half-human, i-half-merman seahorse kunye ne-Triton. USalvi usebenzisa isimboli ukujonga isincoko emanzini. Ihashe elingaphumliyo elingasekhohlo, iTriton ekhathazekileyo, imele ulwandle olulwayo. I-Triton, ekhokela ihashe elizolileyo, lulwandle lokuzola. UAgripa ngakwesobunxele uninzi kwaye usebenzisa i-vase ewileyo njengomthombo wamanzi, ngelixa iVirgo ngasekunene ifanekisela impilo kunye namanzi njengesondlo.

4. Iingqekembe zokukholisa ooThixo (kunye nabakhi)

Ukusela amanzi kukhatshwa yingqekembe emthonjeni ukuze kuqinisekwe kungekuphela nje ukubuya ngokukhawuleza kodwa okukhuselekileyo eRoma. Esi sithethe saqala kumaRoma amandulo, awayebingelela ngengqekembe emachibini nasemilanjeni ukuze axolise oothixo aze abancede bagoduke bekhuselekile. Abanye bathi isiko lisuka kwiinzame zakwangoko zokusebenzisa i-crowdfunding ukuhlawula iindleko zolungiso.

5. Umthombo weTrevi wenza i-€3000 ngosuku

I-Wikipedia iqikelela ukuba i-euro eyi-3,000 iphoswa kwindawo enqwenelekayo yonke imihla. Iingqekembe ziqokelelwa ubusuku ngabunye kwaye zinikelwe kwisisa, umbutho waseItali obizwa ngokuba yiCaritas. Bayisebenzisa kwiprojekthi yevenkile enkulu, bebonelela ngamakhadi okuhlaziya abo basweleyo eRoma ukubanceda bathenge igrosari. Istatistiki enomdla kukuba malunga nesigidi esinye see-euro ezixabisa iingqekembe zitsalwa emthonjeni minyaka le. Le mali isetyenziselwe ukuxhasa izizathu ukusukela ngo-2007.

6. Umthombo weTrevi kwiMibongo kunye neFilimu

UNathaniel Hawthorne wabhala malunga neMarble Faun yeTrevi Fountain. Imithombo ibonakaliswe kwiifilimu ezifana ne "Iingqekembe zoMthombo" kunye "neHoliday yaseRoma" eneenkwenkwezi uAudrey Hepburn kunye noGregory Peck. Mhlawumbi eyona ndawo ibonakalayo yeTrevi Fountain ivela kwiDolce Vita kunye no-Anita Ekberg kunye noMarcello Mastroianni. Enyanisweni, lo mthombo wavalwa kwaye ugqunywe kwi-crepe emnyama ngokuhlonipha umlingisi uMarcello Mastroianni, owasweleka ngo-1996.

Ulwazi oloNgezelelweyo:

Yintoni iBaroque Architecture?

Uyilo lweBaroque, isitayile soyilo esaqala e-Italiya ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, kwaye yaqhubeka kwinkulungwane ye-18 kwezinye iingingqi, ngakumbi iJamani kunye ne-colonial South America. Yavela kwi-Counter-Reformation xa iCawa yamaKatolika yazisa isibheno esichukumisayo seemvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo kumakholwa ngobugcisa kunye nezakhiwo. Iimilo zeplani yomgangatho wesakhiwo esintsonkothileyo, ezihlala zisekwe kwi-ellipses kunye nezithuba eziguquguqukayo zenkcaso kunye nothungelwano zinceda ekwandiseni imvakalelo yentshukumo kunye nenkanuko. Ezinye iimpawu zibandakanya ubungangamsha, idrama, kunye nochasaniso (ingakumbi xa kufikwa kukukhanya), okugobileyo, kwaye kuhlala kukhazimla ukugqibezela okutyebileyo, izinto ezijijekileyo, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo. Abayili bezakhiwo basebenzise imibala eqaqambileyo kunye ne-ethereal, isilingi ecacileyo. Iingcali ezibalaseleyo zaseItali ziquka uGian Lorenzo Bernini, uCarlo Maderno, uFrancesco Borromini kunye noGuarino Guarini. Izinto zeClassical zathothisa i-architecture yeBaroque yaseFransi. KuMbindi Yurophu, iBaroque yafika emva kwexesha kodwa yaphumelela kumsebenzi wabayili bezakhiwo ezifana no-Austrian uJohann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Impembelelo yayo eNgilani inokubonwa kumsebenzi kaChristopher Wren ngaphandle. IBaroque kade idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yiRococo, okanye eSpain naseSpain America, njengeChurrigueresque.

Ukuba unomdla kumthombo weTrevi Fountain eRoma, unokuba nomthombo omncinci weTrevi kwikhaya lakho okanye egadini. Njengomzi-mveliso wokuchwela webhastile ochwepheshile, siye saphinda savelisa ubungakanani obuncinci beTrevi Fountain kubathengi bethu abaninzi. Ukuba uyayifuna, ungaqhagamshelana nathi nangaliphi na ixesha. Sizintengiso ezithe ngqo zefektri, eziza kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo.