Mingaphi kule mifanekiso iqingqiweyo ili-10 oyaziyo ehlabathini ?Kwimigangatho emithathu, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo (Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo) unembali ende kunye nesithethe kunye nokugcinwa kobugcisa obutyebileyo. Imarble, ubhedu, umthi kunye nezinye izinto ziqingqwe, ziqingqwe, kwaye ziqingqwe ukudala imifanekiso ebonwayo kunye nebambekayo yobugcisa enendawo ethile, ebonisa ubomi bentlalo kunye nokuvakalisa iimvakalelo zobuhle bamagcisa , Ukubonakaliswa kobugcisa beengcamango zobuhle.Uphuhliso lomzobo waseNtshona. ubugcisa bufumene iincopho ezintathu, bubonisa umfanekiso opheleleyo wobugcisa njengoko siwazi. Yafikelela incopho yayo yokuqala kwiGrisi neRoma yamandulo. Incopho yaba yiPhidias, ngelixa iRenaissance yaseItali yaba yincopho yesibini. UMichelangelo wayengoyena mntu ubalaseleyo ngeli xesha. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, iFransi yaba ngenxa ye-Rodin's Achievement kwaye ingene kwincopho yesithathu.Emva kokuba uRodin, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo waseNtshona wangena kwixesha elitsha-ixesha lemifanekiso yanamhlanje. Abazobi bemifanekiso eqingqiweyo bazama ukususa amakhamandela omfanekiso oqingqiweyo, bamkele iindlela ezintsha zokuthetha, kwaye balandele iikhonsepthi ezintsha.

Kule mihla, sinokubonisa indalo yobugcisa kunye neempumelelo zexesha ngalinye ngembali yepanoramic yobugcisa bemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, kwaye le mizobo ye-10 kufuneka yaziwe.

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Nefertiti Bust

I-Bust ye-Nefertiti ngumfanekiso opeyintiweyo oneminyaka engama-3,300 ubudala owenziwe ngekalika kunye nodaka. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo nguNefertiti, uMfazi oMkhulu waseRoyal uFaro waseYiputa u-Akhenaten. Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuba lo mfanekiso wakrolwa ngumkroli uThutmose ngo-1345 BC.

I-Bust ye-Nefertiti ibe yenye yezona mifanekiso zixatyiswa kakhulu kwi-Egypt yakudala enezona mveliso zininzi. Ngumboniso weenkwenkwezi weMyuziyam yaseBerlin kwaye ithathwa njengesalathiso sobuhle behlabathi. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaNefertiti uchazwa njengomnye wemisebenzi ehloniphekileyo yobugcisa kubugcisa bamandulo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-mask yaseTutankhamun.

“Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ibhinqa elinentamo ende, iintshiyi ezintle ezimile okwengqukuva, izidlele eziphakamileyo, impumlo ende ebhityileyo, nemilebe ebomvu encumile. Yenza i-Nefertiti ibe ngumsebenzi wamandulo wobugcisa. Ngomnye wawona mabhinqa amahle.”

Ikhoyo kwimyuziyam entsha kwiSiqithi seMyuziyam eBerlin.

2

Uthixokazi woloyiso eSamothrace

Uthixokazi woloyiso eSamothrace, umfanekiso webhastile, ubude be-328 cm. Ngumsebenzi wokuqala womfanekiso oqingqiweyo odumileyo owasinda kwixesha lamandulo lamaGrike. Ithathwa njengobutyebi obunqabileyo kwaye umbhali akanakuvavanywa.

Uyindibaniselwano yobugcisa obuqinileyo nobuthambileyo obenzelwa ukukhumbula ukoyiswa kukaDemetrius, owoyisileyo waseSamothrace kumlo wamandulo waselwandle wamaGrike, ngokuchasene nomkhosi weenqanawa zikaKumkani uPtolemy waseYiputa. Malunga nowe-190 BC, ukuze kwamkeleke ookumkani namajoni aboyisileyo, lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo wamiswa phambi kwetempile yaseSamothrace. Ejongene nempepho yolwandle, lo thixokazi wolula amaphiko akhe amahle, ngokungathi wayeza kubamba amagorha avela elunxwemeni. Intloko kunye neengalo zalo mfanekiso zichetyiwe, kodwa umzimba wakhe omhle usenokutyhilwa ngeempahla ezibhityileyo kunye nokugotywa, okukhazimla ngamandla. Wonke umfanekiso unomoya ogqithiseleyo, obonisa ngokupheleleyo umxholo wayo kwaye ushiya umfanekiso ongenakulibaleka.

ILouvre ekhoyo eParis yenye yezinto ezintathu ezixabisekileyo zeLouvre.

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uAphrodite waseMilos

IAphrodite yaseMilos, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiVenus enengalo eyaphukileyo. Yamkelwa njengowona mfanekiso mhle phakathi kwemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yabasetyhini bamaGrike ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. UAphrodite unguthixokazi wothando kunye nobuhle kwiintsomi zamandulo zamaGrike, kunye nomnye wezithixo ezilishumi elinambini ze-Olympus. U-Aphrodite akayena kuphela unkulunkulukazi wesini, naye unguthixokazi wothando kunye nobuhle kwihlabathi.

I-Aphrodite inomfanekiso ogqibeleleyo kunye nokubonakala kwabasetyhini bamandulo baseGrike, ebonisa uthando kunye nobuhle babasetyhini, kwaye ithathwa njengolona phawu luphezulu lobuhle bomzimba wesifazane. Ngumxube wobuhle kunye nomtsalane. Konke ukuziphatha kwakhe kunye nolwimi lwakhe lufanelekile ukugcinwa kunye nokusebenzisa imodeli, kodwa ayinakumela ubunyulu babasetyhini.

Indlela ezazikhangeleka ngayo iingalo ezilahlekileyo zikaVenus ezineArms ezaphukileyo ekuqaleni iye yaba ngowona mxholo umangalisayo unomdla kumagcisa nakubabhali-mbali. Lo mfanekiso ukhoyo ngoku eLouvre eParis, obunye bobutyebi obuthathu.

4

UDavide

Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wobhedu kaDonatello othi “uDavide” (malunga nowe-1440) ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokuvuselela isithethe samandulo semifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeze.

Kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo, lo mfanekiso webhayibhile awusenguye umfuziselo wengqikelelo, kodwa bubomi obuphilayo, benyama negazi. Ukusetyenziswa kwemifanekiso enqunu ukuze kuboniswe imifanekiso yonqulo nokugxininisa ubuhle benyama kubonisa ukuba lo msebenzi unentsingiselo ebalaseleyo.

Xa uKumkani uHerode wakwaSirayeli wayelawula ngenkulungwane ye-10 ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, amaFilisti ahlasela. Kwakukho igorha elibizwa ngokuba nguGoliyati, owayeziimitha ezi-8 ubude kwaye exhobe ngehalberd enkulu. AmaSirayeli akazange abe nobuganga bokulwa kangangeentsuku ezingama-40. Ngenye imini, uDavide oselula waya kutyelela umninawa wakhe owayesemkhosini. Weva ukuba uGoliyati wayengqongqo yaye emenza azive ephantsi. Wazingisa ukuba uKumkani uHerode avume ukuhlazeka kwakhe ukuphuma aye kubulala amaSirayeli kuGoliyati. UHerode akazange akwazi ukuyicela. Akuba ephumile uDavide, wagquma waza wambetha entloko ngomatshini wokusawula. Loo ngxilimbela yothukile yawa phantsi, waza uDavide wathi rhuthu ikrele lakhe kabukhali waza wayinqumla intloko kaGoliyati. UDavide uchazwa njengenkwenkwe engumalusi omhle kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo, ethwele umnqwazi, ephethe ikrele esandleni sakhe sasekunene, yaye inyathela phantsi kweenyawo zakhe phezu kwentloko kaGoliyati. Imbonakalo yobuso bakhe ikhululekile kwaye ibonakala ngathi inebhongo.

UDonatello (uDonatello 1386-1466) wayeyisizukulwana sokuqala samagcisa e-Early Renaissance e-Italy kunye nomdwebi obalaseleyo wekhulu le-15. Lo mfanekiso uqingqiweyo ngoku useBargello Gallery eFlorence, eItali.

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UDavide

Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo "kaDavide" wenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo uziimitha ezi-3.96 ukuphakama. Ngumsebenzi omele uMichelangelo, inkosi ye-Renaissance sculpture. Ithathwa njengowona mfanekiso uqingqiweyo oyindoda oqhayisayo kwimbali yobugcisa baseNtshona. Umfanekiso kaMichelangelo wentloko kaDavid ujike kancinane ukuya ngasekhohlo ngaphambi kwedabi, amehlo akhe ethe ntsho kutshaba, isandla sakhe sasekhohlo sibambe isilingi egxalabeni lakhe, isandla sakhe sasekunene sithotywe ngokwendalo, amanqindi akhe ebambene kancinane, inkangeleko yakhe izolile, ebonisa ukuzola kukaDavide. , inkalipho nolweyiseko lokoyisa. Ekhoyo kwiFlorence Academy yezobuGcisa.

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Isitatyu senkululeko

Umfanekiso weNkululeko (Statue of Liberty), okwaziwa njengeLiberty Enlightening The World (Inkululeko Ekhanyisa iHlabathi), sisipho sesikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-100 yeFransi eya eMelika ngo-1876. Umfanekiso weNkululeko wagqitywa ngumzobi odumileyo waseFransi uBartholdi. kwiminyaka eyi-10. I-Lady Liberty inxibe iimpahla zamandulo zesiGrike, kwaye isithsaba esisinxibileyo sibonisa iingceba ezisixhenxe zamazwekazi asixhenxe kunye neelwandle ezine zehlabathi.

Uthixokazi ubambe itotshi efuzisela inkululeko kwisandla sakhe sasekunene, kwaye isandla sakhe sasekhohlo sibambe “Isibhengezo seNkululeko” esakrolwa ngoJulayi 4, 1776, yaye ngaphantsi kweenyawo zakhe kukho amakhamandela aphukileyo, amakhamandela namatyathanga. Ufuzisela inkululeko kwaye uyakhululeka kwimiqobo yobuzwilakhe. Yagqitywa yaza yatyhilwa ngo-Oktobha 28, 1886. Isakhiwo sangaphakathi somfanekiso oqingqiweyo wentsimbi wenziwa nguGustave Eiffel, owakha kamva i-Eiffel Tower eParis. I-Statue of Liberty iphakame ngeemitha ezingama-46, kunye nesiseko seemitha ezingama-93 kwaye inobunzima beetoni ezingama-225. Kwi-1984, iSitatimende seNkululeko sadweliswa njengelifa lenkcubeko yehlabathi.

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Umntu ocingayo

"Umcingeli" ubumba indoda esebenzayo eyomeleleyo. Isigebenga sasigobile, amadolo egobile, isandla saso sasekunene siphumle esilevini, sithe cwaka sibukele le ntlekele yenzeka ngezantsi. Ukujonga kwakhe okunzulu kunye nesenzo sokuluma inqindi ngemilebe yakhe kwabonisa umoya obuhlungu kakhulu. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo uhamba ze, kunye nesinqe esigobe kancinane. Isandla sasekhohlo sibekwe ngokwemvelo kwidolo lasekhohlo, umlenze wasekunene uxhasa ingalo yasekunene, kwaye isandla sokunene sithatyathwe kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo wesilevu. Inqindi elibhinqiweyo licinezelwe emilebeni. Ifanelekile kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, izihlunu zakhe zihluma ngoloyiko, zityhila imigca epheleleyo. Nangona umfanekiso walo mfanekiso usamile, ubonakala ubonisa ukuba wenza umsebenzi onzulu ngelizwi elindilisekileyo.

"Umcingeli" ngumzekelo wenkqubo yonke yemisebenzi ka-Auguste Rodin. Ikwayimbonakalo kunye nokubonakaliswa kobugcisa bakhe bomlingo. Ikwayimbonakaliso yolwakhiwo lwakhe kunye nokudityaniswa kwengcinga yomntu yobugcisa-inkqubo yokucinga yobugcisa kaRodin Ubungqina.

8

Inja yebhaluni

UJeff Koons (uJeff Koons) ligcisa lepop elidumileyo laseMelika. Ngo-2013, inja yakhe yebhaluni (i-orenji) yenziwe ngentsimbi ecacileyo egqunywe ngentsimbi, kwaye uChristie wakwazi ukubeka ixabiso lerekhodi le-58,4 yezigidi zeedola. U-Koons wenze ezinye iinguqulelo ngeblue, magenta, ebomvu kunye netyheli.

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isigcawu

Umsebenzi odumileyo "Isigcawu" nguLuis Bourgeois ungaphezulu kweenyawo ze-30 ubude. Into echukumisayo kukuba umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wesigcawu uhlobene nomama wegcisa, owayengumlungisi wekhaphethi. Ngoku, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yesigcawu esiyibonayo, ibonakala ngathi ibuthathaka, imilenze ende, ikhusela ngesibindi amaqanda angama-26 emarble, ngokungathi aya kuwa phantsi kwangoko, kodwa avuse ngempumelelo uloyiko loluntu, izigcawu ziyimbonakalo yazo ephindaphindiweyo. Imixholo ibandakanya isigcawu esiqingqiweyo 1996. Lo mfanekiso ubekwe kwiMyuziyam yaseGuggenheim eBilbao. ULuis Bourgeois wakha wathi: Umntu omdala, unengqondo.

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Amaqhawe aseTerracotta

Ngubani owadala i-Terracotta Warriors kunye neeHorse zeQin Shihuang? Kuqikelelwa ukuba akukho mpendulo, kodwa impembelelo yayo kwizizukulwana zamva zobugcisa isekhona nanamhlanje kwaye ibe yifashoni.