INTSHAYELELO

Imithombo ibikho kangangeenkulungwane, yaye iye yavela kwimithombo elula yamanzi okusela yaya kwimisebenzi yobugcisa neyobugcisa bokwakha. Ukususela kumaGrike kunye namaRoma amandulo ukuya kwiinkosi zeRenaissance,Imithombo yamatyeziye zasetyenziselwa ukuhombisa iindawo zikawonke-wonke, ukubhiyozela iziganeko ezibalulekileyo, kwanokubonelela ngolonwabo.

Imvelaphi Yamandulo Yemithombo

Uhambo lwethu lomthombo luqala kwinkungu yamandulo. Bopha amabhanti akho okuhamba ngexesha njengoko sibuyela kwimpucuko yakudala efana neMesopotamiya, iJiphutha, kunye neNtlambo yase-Indus. Aba bantu bakrelekrele babesazi into okanye ezimbini malunga nokudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nokusebenza.

EMesopotamiya, malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, ookhokho bethu bakha imithombo yokuqala eyaziwayo. Imithombo yokuqala eyaziwayo yayizitya ezilula zamatye ezaziqokelela amanzi kwimithombo yendalo. Le mithombo yayidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukusela amanzi, kwaye yayibonwa njengeendawo ezingcwele. Ngokomzekelo, kwiGrisi yamandulo, imithombo yayidla ngokunikelwa koothixo bamanzi, abanjengoPoseidon noArtemis.

UMTHOMBO WASEYIPUTHA KWITEMPILE YEDENDERA

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Ngoku, masiye ngaphaya kweYiphutha yamandulo, apho imithombo yayidlala indima ephambili kwizakhiwo zetempile ezinkulu. AmaYiputa ayenqula oothixo bawo ngentlonelo, yaye ayekholelwa ukuba ukukhupha amanzi kule mithombo kwakuya kuqinisekisa iintsikelelo ezininzi ezivela koothixo.

Kwaye ethetha ngoothixo, amaGrike amandulo athabatha aboimithombo yasegadiniukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo, lizinikezele kwii-nymphs-iqela elimnandi lemimoya yendalo. Ezi nymphaeums, zibekwe kwiigadi ezichumileyo, zaba ziindawo zeendibano zoluntu kunye nembonakalo yobugcisa. Ngapha koko, bongeze umtsalane wokuchukumisa izixeko zamandulo zamaGrike!

Imithombo yamandulo eGrisi naseRoma

Hayi, ubungangamsha beGrisi neRoma! Njengoko siqhubeka nohambo lwethu lomthombo, sidibana nemithombo emangalisa yale mpucuko yakudala.

KwiGrisi yamandulo, imithombo yayingeyonto nje iqhelekileyo yamanzi—yayiyizakhiwo ezimangalisayo! AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba imithombo yendalo ingcwele, ngoko ayeyila ngobunonoimithombo yamatyeukuhlonipha le mithombo yemfihlakalo. Khawube nomfanekiso wakho urhabula kumthombo wamatye ngoxa ucinga ngeemfihlelo zobomi. Ubunzulu, akunjalo?

Ngoku makhe sitshintshe ingqwalasela yethu siye kuBukhosi baseRoma, apho ubunjineli bamaRoma babungenamida. Bakha imisele eyayinaba kangangeekhilomitha ezininzi, izisa amanzi kuzo zonke iindawo zommandla wabo omkhulu. Kodwa linda, kukho okungakumbi! AmaRoma ayethanda ukubonisa amandla awo, kwaye yeyiphi indlela engcono yokwenza oko ngaphandle kwemithombo yoluntu ewisa imihlathi?

UKWAKHIWA KWAKHONA KWENKUNDLA YASEROMA FOUNTAIN EPOMPEII (KWENKULUNGWANE YOKU-1 AD)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

I-pièce de resistance? Umthombo omangalisayo weTrevi eRoma. Obu buhle be-baroque buya kukushiya ungathethi ngobungangamsha kunye nemidlalo yeqonga. Intsomi ithi ukuba uphosa ingqekembe emthonjeni, uqinisekisiwe ukuba ubuyele eRoma ngenye imini. Leyo yindlela enye yokukhusela itikiti lokubuyela kwesi sixeko singaphelelwa lixesha!

Ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi, imithombo yaphelelwa ngamandla kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Oku kwakungenxa yokuwohloka koBukhosi baseRoma, obakhe imithombo emininzi yehlabathi yamandulo. Noko ke, le mithombo yasinda kwezinye iindawo, njengakwilizwe lamaSilamsi, apho yayisetyenziselwa ukwenza izitiya ezintle nezizolileyo.

Imithombo yaMaphakathi kunye namaSilamsi

Kulungile, ixesha lokuhamba ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwixesha laphakathi, apho ama-knights kunye neentombi ezilungileyo zazizulazula emhlabeni, kunye nemithombo yathatha indima entsha.

KumaXesha Aphakathi eYurophu, izindlu zoonongendi kunye namabhotwe amkela ukuzola kwemithombo yamatye. Khawube nalo mfanekiso-ngqondweni: igadi enoxolo ehonjiswe ngeUmthombo wamatye amahle, apho iimonki zazifumana ukuphumla kwimisebenzi yazo yokomoya. Thetha nge-oasis ezolileyo!

LAVABO AT LE THORONET ABBEY, Provence, (ngenkulungwane ye-12)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Kwangaxeshanye, kumazwe angaqhelekanga akuMbindi Mpuma, imithombo yamaSilamsi yayihombisa amabhotwe neentendelezo, ikhazimle ngobugocigoci nobuhle. Ukudibana okumangalisayo kwamanzi kunye nokukhanya kwakukholelwa ukuba kubonisa ubunyulu kunye nobomi. Ke, kwixesha elizayo xa umangaliswe ngumthombo omangalisayo wamaSilamsi, khumbula ukuba ayisiyonto nje yobuhle—luphawu lomoya onzulu.

I-Renaissance kunye neBaroque Fountains: Ukuvuselelwa koBugcisa baManzi

I-Renaissance yayilixesha lokuzalwa kwakhona kwenkcubeko kunye nobugcisa eYurophu. Eli xesha kwakhona labona ukuvuselelwa kwemithombo, eyaba yimisebenzi yobugcisa ngokwabo.

UMthombo e-BAKU, e-AZERBAIJAN

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

E-Italiya, intliziyo yeRenaissance, abanye ngokweneneimithombo yamatye eyodwazadalwa. Le mithombo yayisoloko ihonjiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo entsonkothileyo namanzi ampoposiweyo aphuma kwimithombo yawo yamatye.

Omnye weyona mithombo idumileyo yeRenaissance yiFontana di Trevi eRoma. Lo mthombo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa weBaroque bokwakha kunye nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Ihonjiswe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo, izithixokazi nezilwanyana zaselwandle.

Omnye umthombo odumileyo weRenaissance yiManneken Pis eBrussels. Lo mthombo ngumfanekiso omncinci, wobhedu wenkwenkwe ehamba ze ichama kwisitya somthombo. Yenye yezona ndawo zidumileyo zabakhenkethi eBrussels.

IKHREDIWE LOMFANEKISO: STEVEN TIJPEL

Ixesha leBaroque labona uphuhliso olungakumbi lomthombo weRenaissance. Imithombo yeBaroque yayidla ngokuba mikhulu kwaye ichaneke ngakumbi kunemithombo yeRenaissance. Ayekwabalasela ngakumbi kwimidlalo yeqonga, enemithombo ekhupha amanzi ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Omnye weyona mithombo idumileyo yeBaroque nguMthombo weNeptune eBologna. Lo mthombo nguumthombo omkhulu webhastileobonisa uthixo uNeptune ekhwele kwinqwelo yokulwa nerhuqwa ngamahashe olwandle.

Omnye umthombo odumileyo weBaroque nguMthombo wemilambo emine eRoma. Lo mthombo ngumthombo omkhulu webhastile obonisa imilambo emine: iDanube, iNayile, iGanges, kunye neRio de la Plata.

Namhlanje, usenokufumana imithombo emininzi yeRenaissance kunye neBaroque kwihlabathi jikelele. Le mithombo ibubungqina bobuchule bobugcisa nobunjineli babantu abayidalileyo. Zikwasisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwamanzi kwinkcubeko yoluntu.

Imithombo eAsia: Apho Ukuzola Kudibana Nobukhazikhazi

IAsia inembali ende netyebileyo yemithombo. Le mithombo ifumaneka kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezitayile, ukusuka kokulula ukuya kokucokisekileyo.

EIndiya, imithombo idla ngokufumaneka kwiigadi zasebukhosini kunye namabhotwe amakhulu. Eziimithombo yasegadinizidla ngokwenziwa ngelitye lenyengane yaye zihonjiswe ngemikrolo yamatye entsonkothileyo. Zenzelwe ukudala imvakalelo yemvisiswano kunye noxolo.

E-China, imithombo ifumaneka rhoqo kwiigadi zakudala. Le mithombo isoloko yenziwe ngamatye kwaye yenzelwe ukudibanisa ngokungenamthungo nendalo. Ziyilelwe ukudala ingqiqo yokulinganisela kunye neZen.

EJapan, imithombo idla ngokwenziwa ngoqalo. Le mithombo yaziwa ngokuba yi “shishi-odoshi” okanye “izoyikiso zamaxhama.” Zenzelwe ukwenza isandi esinesingqisho esoyikisa amaxhama.

Namhlanje, unokufumana imithombo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezivela kulo lonke elaseAsia. Le mithombo isisikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwamanzi kwinkcubeko yaseAsiae.

USHISHI ODOSHI KWIGADI YEZEN

Imithombo kwiXesha lale mihla: Amanzi, ubuGcisa, kunye noTshintsho

Ixesha langoku libone igagasi elitsha lezinto ezintsha kuyilo lomthombo. Le mithombo isoloko yenziwe ngezinto ezintsha kwaye ibandakanya ubugcisa obutsha.

Enye yezona zinto zintshaimithombo yanamhlanjeyi Bellagio Fountains e Las Vegas. Le mithombo ngumboniso wamanzi olungelelanisiweyo obonisa umculo, izibane, kunye neejethi zamanzi.

Enye into entshaumthombo wanamhlanjeyiSango leMafu eChicago. Lo mthombo ngumfanekiso oqingqiweyo omkhulu, wentsimbi engatyiwayo ofana nembotyi enkulu. Yindawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi kunye nophawu lwaseChicago.

Namhlanje, imithombo isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiindawo zoluntu ukuya kumakhaya abucala. Zisisikhumbuzo sobuhle nokubaluleka kwamanzi.

Imithombo yoMfanekiso: Amatye anqabileyo aManzi eHlabathi

Njengoko sisondela kwincopho yohambo lwethu lomthombo, asinakuphoswa kukuphonononga eyona mithombo ibalaseleyo evela kwihlabathi jikelele. La manzi anqabileyo ashiye impembelelo ehlala ihleli eluntwini, edlula ixesha kunye nendawo.

Khawuzibone ukwiGadi entle yaseVersailles eFransi, umi phambi koMthombo omangalisayo weNeptune. Uhonjiswe zizidalwa zaselwandle zasentsomini kunye namanzi aqukuqelayo, lo mkhuluumthombo wangaphandlengumzekelo wokutyeba kobukhosi baseFransi. Ngumbono ochukumisayo oya kukwenza uzive ngathi ungene entsomini.

UMTHOMBO WENKUNDLA YEENKUNDLA YENGONYAMA E-ALHAMBRA (KWENKULUNGWANE YE-14)

UMTHOMBO: WIKIPEDIA

Ngoku, makhe siye kwi-Alhambra emangazayo eSpain, apho iNkundla yeeNgonyama ibonisa okungaqhelekanga.isitya somthombo wamatye. Ngoyilo oluntsonkothileyo lwejiyometri yamaSilamsi, lo mthombo wentendelezo ubonisa imvisiswano phakathi kwendalo nobugcisa, ushiya abakhenkethi bekhwankqisiwe bubuhle bawo obungaphelelwa lixesha.

Njengoko sinqumla ulwandle sisiya eUnited States, sidibana nomthombo onomtsalane weBethesda Terrace Fountain eCentral Park, kwisiXeko saseNew York. Lo mzobo unamanqwanqwa amabini, uyilwe ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo emangalisayo kwaye ujikelezwe buhlaza obuchumileyo bale paki, uyindawo ethandwayo yokuhlanganisana nomqondiso woluntu.

Le mithombo yomfuziselo isebenza njengobungqina bobuchule bomntu, imbonakalo yobugcisa, kunye nokuhlonela ubuhle bamanzi. Umtsalane wabo uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza amagcisa, abayili bezakhiwo, kunye nabathandi bomthombo kwihlabathi liphela.

Indima yeMithombo namhlanje: Ukwamkeleka koBuchule kunye noZinzo

Kwinkulungwane yama-21, imithombo ithathe iindima ezintsha, ibandakanya ubuhle kunye nozinzo. Ayizozinto zokuhombisa nje; ziingxelo zobugcisa, ukuqaphela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokuphuculwa kwedolophu.

Kumaziko edolophu aphithizelayo, anamhlanjeimithombo yangaphandleziye zaba ziindawo ekugxilwe kuzo, zitsala abantu ukuba badibane ukuze babukele ubuhle babo kwaye bazibandakanye kumaxesha okuzola phakathi kwesiphithiphithi sasedolophini. Ezi ndawo zasezidolophini zibonakalisa imithombo yamatye ekhethekileyo, ehlotshiswe ngezinto zanamhlanje ezifana nentsimbi engenasici okanye iglasi epholileyo, ukudibanisa isithethe kunye nezinto ezintsha.

FONTANA DELLA BARCACCIA, (1627)

Ngeli xesha, imithombo yangaphakathi ifumene indlela eya kumakhaya, iiofisi, kunye namaziko ezempilo. Anumthombo wangaphakathiinokudala i-ambiance epholileyo, ikuncede uphumle emva kosuku olude kwaye ikunike isiqabu kuxinzelelo lobomi. Ngoyilo olwahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo, ukusuka kwimithombo yebhastile ukuya kwimithombo yamatye e-chic, unokufumana umthombo ogqibeleleyo wangaphakathi ukuxhasa indawo yakho kunye nesitayile.

Njengoko sizamela iplanethi eluhlaza, abayili bemithombo babandakanye ubugcisa obulungele indalo. Ukuvunwa kwamanzi emvula, iimpompo ezisebenza ngamandla elanga, kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuphinda ajikeleze kwakhona amanzi ziye zaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemithombo yale mihla. Ezi zenzo zizinzileyo azigcini nje ngokugcina amanzi kodwa zikwabonisa ukuzinikela kwethu ekukhuseleni okusingqongileyo ukwenzela izizukulwana ezizayo

ISIPHELO

Njengoko sisithi ndlela ntle kuphononongo lwethu lomthombo, kufuneka sivume umdlali obalaseleyo kushishino lomthombo—Aigcisa. Ngomdla wabo wokubonakalisa ubugcisa kunye nobugcisa bobugcisa, i-Artisan igqame njengomenzi womthombo ohlonitshwayo okwaziyo ukwenza imithombo yamatye egqwesileyo,imithombo yebhastile, nezitya zamatye.

Njengoko utyhutyha amaphepha embali kwaye uncoma ubungangamsha bemithombo yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo, uyakonwabela ukwazi ukubaIgcisaigxile ekwenzeni iikopi ezithembekileyo zobu butyebi bembali. Nokuba ngumthombo wamatye ophefumlelweyo weRenaissance okanye umthombo webhastile entle yeBaroque, amagcisa anezakhono zobuchwephesha anokuyila kwakhona nayiphi na le mithombo xa eceliwe, esongeza ukubamba ubuhle obungaphelelwayo nakweyiphi na indawo.

(The Lion Statues Stone Fountain)

Ngoko ke, ukuba usendleleni yokuzingelaumthombo wegadi uyathengiswaokanye umthombo wangaphakathi wokudala i-oasis epholileyo, ungakhangeli ngaphayaAigcisa . Ngokuzinikezela kwabo kokubini ubuhle kunye nokuzinza, imithombo yabo ingumzekelo wokudityaniswa kobugcisa kunye nokutsha, ukuzisa ubumnandi bamanzi aqukuqelayo ebomini bakho.

Kwihlabathi elingayeki ukuvela, imithombo ihlala iluphawu oluqinileyo lobabalo kunye nobuchule. Ke, yamkela umlingo wale mimangaliso yamanzi kwaye ubavumele batyebise indawo ekungqongileyo, umoya wakho kunye nomphefumlo wakho. Ukuzingela komthombo onoyolo, kwaye ngamana ubukhazikhazi bamanzi bunokuqhubeka buthimba iintliziyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo!