Ngaphezulu kwe-2,000 yezindlebeni ezidlulileyo, iChina kunye ne-Italiya, nangona amawaka eekhilomitha eziqelelene, sele ziqhagamshelwe yiSilk Road yamandulo, indlela yorhwebo eyimbali eyaququzelela ukutshintshiselana ngeempahla, iingcamango, kunye nenkcubeko betwe.xh EMpuma naseNtshona.

Ngexesha le-Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), uGan Ying, idiplomat yaseTshayina, waqala uhambo lokufumana "uDa Qin", igama lesiShayina loBukhosi baseRoma ngelo xesha. Iimbekiselo ngeSeres, ilizwe lesilika, zenziwe yimbongi yaseRoma uPublius Vergilius Maro kunye nesazi sejografi uPomponius Mela. IiHambo zikaMarco Polo zaqhubela phambili umdla wabantu baseYurophu eTshayina.

Kwimeko yangoku, olu nxulumaniso lwembali luvuselelwe ngolwakhiwo oludibeneyo lwe-Belt and Road Initiative ekuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini ngo-2019.

I-China kunye ne-Italiya ziye zafumana ubudlelwane obuqinileyo borhwebo kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ngokwedatha evela kuLawulo Jikelele lweZithelo lwaseTshayina, umthamo worhwebo wamazwe amabini ufikelele kwi-78 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2022.

Eli phulo, elibhiyozela iminyaka eli-10 ukususela ekusungulweni kwalo, liphumeze inkqubela ebonakalayo kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo, uququzelelo lorhwebo, intsebenziswano yezemali kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba iChina kunye ne-Italiya, kunye neembali zabo ezityebileyo kunye nempucuko yamandulo, banethuba lentsebenziswano enentsingiselo esekelwe kwilifa lenkcubeko ekwabelwana ngayo, amathuba ezoqoqosho kunye nomdla ofanayo.

UDaniel Cologna, iSinologist egxile kutshintsho lwentlalo kunye nenkcubeko phakathi kwamaTshayina kwiDyunivesithi yase-Italiya yase-Insubria kunye nelungu lebhodi yoMbutho wase-Italiya wezifundo zaseTshayina, uthe: "I-Italiya ne-China, ngenxa yelifa labo elityebileyo kunye neembali ezinde, zimi kakuhle. ukukhulisa ubudlelwane obuluqilima ngaphakathi nangaphaya kweLinge leBelt and Road Initiative.

UCologna uthe ilifa lamaTaliyane liphakathi kwabokuqala ukwenza iChina yaziwe kwabanye abantu baseYurophu kudala ukuqondana okwahlukileyo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Ngokubhekiselele kwintsebenziswano yezoqoqosho, i-Cologna ibonise indima ebalulekileyo yempahla yokunethezeka kutshintshiselwano lwezorhwebo phakathi kweChina ne-Itali. "Iimpawu zaseNtaliyane, ngakumbi iimpawu zodidi oluphezulu, zithandwa kwaye ziyaziwa eChina," watsho. "Abavelisi base-Italiya babona i-China njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa ngaphandle ngenxa yabasebenzi abanezakhono nabaqolileyo."

U-Alessandro Zadro, intloko yesebe lophando kwi-Italian China Council Foundation, uthe: "I-China ibonelela ngentengiso ethembisayo ngokukhula kwemfuno yangaphakathi eqhutywa kukukhula kwengeniso yomntu ngamnye, ukufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini okuqhubekayo, ukwandiswa kwemimandla ebalulekileyo engaphakathi kwelizwe, kunye necandelo elikhulayo leedolophu. abathengi abazizityebi abakhetha Made in Italy iimveliso.

"I-Italiya kufuneka ithabathe amathuba e-China, kungekuphela nje ngokunyusa ukuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle kumacandelo emveli anje ngefashoni kunye nobunewunewu, uyilo, ishishini lezolimo, kunye neemoto, kodwa nangokwandisa isabelo sayo sentengiso esomeleleyo kumacandelo asakhulayo kunye namatsha aphezulu njengamandla avuselelekayo, izithuthi zamandla amatsha. , ukuqhubela phambili kwezonyango, kunye nokulondolozwa kwembali nenkcubeko yelifa lesizwe laseTshayina,” wongeze watsho.

Intsebenziswano phakathi kweTshayina ne-Italiya ibonakala nakwiinkalo zemfundo nophando. Ukomeleza amaqhina ngolo hlobo kukholelwa ukuba kusemdleni wazo zombini ezi zizwe, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amaziko azo emfundo abalaseleyo kunye nesithethe sokugqwesa ezifundweni.

Okwangoku, i-Itali inamaziko ali-12 eConfucius akhuthaza ukutshintshiselana ngolwimi nenkcubeko kweli lizwe. Iinzame zenziwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ukukhuthaza ukufundiswa kolwimi lwesiTshayina kwinkqubo yezikolo eziphakamileyo zaseItali.

UFederico Masini, ongumalathisi weConfucius Institute kwiYunivesithi yaseSapienza yaseRoma, wathi: “Namhlanje, abafundi abangaphezu kwe-17 000 kulo lonke elaseItali bafunda isiTshayina njengenxalenye yezifundo zabo, inani eliphawulekayo. Bangaphezu kwe-100 ootitshala baseTshayina, abazizithethi zaseTaliyane zomthonyama, abaye baqeshwa kwinkqubo yemfundo yase-Italiya ukufundisa isiTshayina ngokusisigxina. Le mpumelelo idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuvaleni ubudlelwane obusondeleyo phakathi kweTshayina ne-Itali.”

Ngelixa iConfucius Institute ijongwe njengesixhobo samandla esithambileyo sase-China e-Italiya, uMasini uthe inokubonwa njengobudlelwane obuhambelanayo apho isebenze njengesixhobo samandla esithambileyo sase-Italy eChina. “Oku kungenxa yokuba siye samkela uninzi lwabafundi abancinci baseTshayina, abafundi kunye nabantu abanethuba lokuva ubomi baseTaliyane kwaye bafunde kubo. Ayikokuthumela inkqubo yelizwe kwelinye; endaweni yoko, isebenza njengeqonga elikhuthaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abatsha kwaye likhuthaze ukuqondana,” wongeze watsho.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kweenjongo zokuqala ze-China kunye ne-Italiya zokuqhubela phambili izivumelwano ze-BRI, izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhokelele ekucothweni kwentsebenziswano yabo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Utshintsho oluthe rhoqo kurhulumente wase-Italiya luyitshintshile ingqwalasela yophuhliso lweli nyathelo.

Ukongeza, ukuqhambuka kobhubhani we-COVID-19 kunye notshintsho kwi-geopolitics yamazwe ngamazwe kuchaphazele ngakumbi isantya sentsebenziswano phakathi kwamazwe amabini. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubela yentsebenziswano kwi-BRI iye yachaphazeleka, ifumana ukucotha ngeli xesha.

UGiulio Pugliese, ugxa omkhulu (i-Asia-Pacific) kwi-Istituto Affari Internazionali, itanki yokucinga yobudlelwane bezizwe ngezizwe yase-Italiya, uthe ngexesha lokunyuka kwezopolitiko kunye nokhuseleko lwemali yangaphandle, ngakumbi evela e-China, kunye neemvakalelo zokhuselo kwihlabathi liphela, ukuma kwe-Italiya malunga noku. I-China kusenokwenzeka ukuba ilumke ngakumbi.

"Iinkxalabo malunga neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe kho kwizohlwayo zesibini zase-US kutyalo-mali lwaseTshayina kunye netekhnoloji ibe nefuthe kakhulu e-Itali nakwinxalenye enkulu yeNtshona Yurophu, ngaloo ndlela zenza buthathaka ifuthe le-MoU," ucacise watsho uPugliese.

UMaria Azzolina, umongameli weItali-China Institute, wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcina unxibelelwano oluhlala luhleli nangona kukho utshintsho lwezobupolitika, esithi: “Ulwalamano oluphakathi kweItali neTshayina alunakuguqulwa ngokulula ngenxa yorhulumente omtsha.

Umdla oqinileyo weshishini

“Umdla oqinileyo weshishini phakathi kwala mazwe mabini uyaqhubeka, kwaye iinkampani zase-Italiya zizimisele ukwenza ishishini nokuba urhulumente olawulayo uthini. U-Azzolina ukholelwa ukuba i-Italiya iya kusebenza ekufumaneni ulungelelwaniso kunye nokugcina ubudlelwane obuqinileyo ne-China, njengoko unxibelelwano lwenkcubeko luhlala lubalulekile.

UFan Xianwei, unobhala-jikelele we-Milan-based Chamber of Commerce Chamber e-Italy, uyazivuma zonke izinto zangaphandle eziphembelela intsebenziswano phakathi kwala mazwe mabini.

Nangona kunjalo, uthe: “Kusekho umnqweno onamandla phakathi kwamashishini kunye neenkampani kuwo omabini la mazwe ukwandisa intsebenziswano. Logama nje uqoqosho lukhula, ezopolitiko ziya kuphucuka. ”

Omnye wemiceli-mngeni ebalulekileyo kwintsebenziswano yase-China-Itali kukwanda kokuphononongwa kotyalo-mali lwaseTshayina ngamazwe aseNtshona, okwenza kube nzima kwiinkampani zaseTshayina ukutyala imali kumacandelo athile anobuthathaka.

UFilippo Fasulo, oyintloko yeZiko leGeoeconomics kwiZiko laseItali leZifundo zezoPolitiko zaMazwe ngaMazwe, itanki yokucinga, ucebise ukuba intsebenziswano phakathi kweTshayina ne-Italiya kufuneka kujongwe kuyo “ngendlela ekrelekrele nenobuchule “kwixesha elinobuzaza. Enye indlela enokwenzeka kukuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lwase-Italiya luhlala lulawula, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinje ngamazibuko, wongeze watsho.

UFasulo ukholelwa ukuba utyalo-mali lwe-greenfield kwiinkalo ezithile, ezinjengokuseka iinkampani zebhetri e-Italiya, kunokunceda ukunciphisa iinkxalabo kunye nokwakha ukuthembana phakathi kwe-China ne-Itali.

"Utyalo-mali olunjalo olucwangcisiweyo olunempembelelo enamandla yendawo ehambelana nemigaqo yokuqala ye-Belt and Road Initiative, igxininisa intsebenziswano yokuphumelela kunye nokubonisa uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukuba olu tyalo-mali luzisa amathuba," watsho.

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